These luminescent reporter bacteria can be interfaced with optical transducers resulting in biosensors for numerous monitoring applications as well as reagents in the application reported in this work.
The expression of these genes can also be integrated with genetic regulatory elements to sense physical and chemical changes in the bacteria’s environment and produce a luminescent response. The genes from these systems can be cloned and expressed in bacteria. Among these methods, bioluminescence is extremely attractive as the genetics and biochemistry are known for many luminescent organisms. Luminescence based detection methods have been used in biology, chemistry, and the medical field due to their unique characteristic of self-photon generation from chemical energy. The best results were achieved by OnePlus One (android), which was able to detect luminescence from ~10 6 CFU/mL of the bio-reporter, which corresponds to ~10 7 photons/s with 180 seconds of integration time. Five different types of smartphones, both Android and iOS devices, were tested, and the top two candidates were used to evaluate luminescence from the bioluminescent reporter Pseudomonas fluorescens M3A. A simple cradle that houses the smartphone, sample tube, and collection lens supports the measuring platform, while noise reduction by ensemble averaging simultaneously lowers the background and enhances the signal from emitted photons. The proposed hardware and software, called bioluminescent-based analyte quantitation by smartphone (BAQS), provides an opportunity for onsite analysis and quantitation of luminescent signals from biological and non-biological sensing elements which emit photons in response to an analyte. We report a smartphone-based device and associated imaging-processing algorithm to maximize the sensitivity of standard smartphone cameras, that can detect the presence of single-digit pW of radiant flux intensity.
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